rabbit anti ptger4  (Proteintech)

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: EP4 receptor stimulation in combination with core decompression therapy enhanced bone regeneration in a canine model of osteonecrosis of femoral head

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1622918

Figure Lengend Snippet: HE staining and immunohistochemistry of human femoral heads from patients with hip fracture (upper panels, 66 years old, female) and ONFH (lower panels, 73 years old, female). The black boxes are shown at higher magnification. Arrowheads indicate EP4-positive lining cells. HE, hematoxylin–eosin; ONFH, osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemical staining for EP4 was performed using a rabbit anti-EP4 antibody (1.0 mg/mL, NLS3890; Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO, United States) or rabbit IgG (I-1000; Vector Laboratories, Newark, CA, United States) as a negative control.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: EP4 and Class III β-Tubulin Expression in Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors: Implications for Prognosis and Treatment

doi: 10.3390/cancers11101590

Figure Lengend Snippet: Prostaglandin signaling. Phospholipase A2 (PLA 2 ) converts phospholipids from the plasma membrane to arachidonate. Cyclooxygenase enzymes, (COX-1 or COX-2) catalyze arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH 2 ) followed by conversion to prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2 ) by PGE synthase. PGE 2 is extracellularly exported via the multidrug-resistance-associated protein-4 (MRP4) where it binds to four G-protein-coupled receptor subtypes (EP1–EP4), coupled to different intracellular signaling pathways. EP4/EP2 are linked to cyclic AMP (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) via G αs and adenylate cyclase (AC). EP4 also activates phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) through G αi . PGE 2 is imported inside the cell via prostaglandin transporter (PGT) and converted to an inactive form 15-keto-PGE 2 by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). The use of an EP4 antagonist (EP4A) could act to reduce proliferation and migration.

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemistry staining was performed after antigen-retrieval using either rabbit anti-PTGER4/EP4 (LS-A3898, LifeSpan BioSciences, Seattle, WA, USA) or Class III β-tubulin (TUJ1, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA).

Techniques: Migration

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: EP4 and Class III β-Tubulin Expression in Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors: Implications for Prognosis and Treatment

doi: 10.3390/cancers11101590

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gene expression analysis of leiomyosarcoma (LMS) from the TCGA. ( A ) Gene expression heat map for LMOD1, ARL4C, TUBB3, and PTGER4 from conventional (dark blue) or poorly differentiated (light blue) leiomyosarcoma obtained from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA). Red indicates higher gene expression and green lower gene expression. Samples were restricted to female patients with LMS from gynecologic and retroperitoneal areas ( n = 54). LMOD1 and ARL4C are biomarkers for conventional and poorly differentiated subtypes, respectively. ( B ) Mean gene expression for LMOD1, ARL4C, TUBB3, and PTGER4 segregated by LMS subtype. Gene expression for conventional LMS indicated in blue and for poorly differentiated LMS in red. Heat map image was modified from the Xena Browser .

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemistry staining was performed after antigen-retrieval using either rabbit anti-PTGER4/EP4 (LS-A3898, LifeSpan BioSciences, Seattle, WA, USA) or Class III β-tubulin (TUJ1, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Modification

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: EP4 and Class III β-Tubulin Expression in Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors: Implications for Prognosis and Treatment

doi: 10.3390/cancers11101590

Figure Lengend Snippet: TCGA Gene Expression Analysis.

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemistry staining was performed after antigen-retrieval using either rabbit anti-PTGER4/EP4 (LS-A3898, LifeSpan BioSciences, Seattle, WA, USA) or Class III β-tubulin (TUJ1, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: EP4 and Class III β-Tubulin Expression in Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors: Implications for Prognosis and Treatment

doi: 10.3390/cancers11101590

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protein expression in solid tissues. ( A ) Leiomyosarcoma overexpressed class III β-tubulin relative to samples of normal myometrium ( p = 0.006), leiomyoma, and leiomyomatosis/STUMP. ( B ) Immunohistochemistry scores for cytoplasmic ( p = 0.001) and ( C ) nuclear ( p = 0.004) EP4 expression were higher in LMS compared to normal myometrium and other smooth muscle tumors. ( D , E ) Representative immunohistochemistry staining for tubulin and EP4 in normal myometrium and uterine stromal tumors. ( F ) Survival analysis of >1+ cytoplasmic EP4 expression suggests a trend for poorer overall survival (top). Differences in overall survival were not observed in nuclear EP4 expression (middle) or in class III β-tubulin expression (bottom); however due to insufficient events from the small number of cases statistical analysis of survival cannot be performed.

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemistry staining was performed after antigen-retrieval using either rabbit anti-PTGER4/EP4 (LS-A3898, LifeSpan BioSciences, Seattle, WA, USA) or Class III β-tubulin (TUJ1, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Staining

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: EP4 and Class III β-Tubulin Expression in Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors: Implications for Prognosis and Treatment

doi: 10.3390/cancers11101590

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protein expression in cell lines. ( A ) Class III β-tubulin and ( B ) EP4 protein expression were analyzed via Western blot in sarcoma (SK-UT-1) and carcinoma (SK-UT-1B) cell lines relative to normal immortalized uterine myometrial cell line PHM1-41. Both class III β-tubulin and EP4 were found to be overexpressed compared to PHM1-41. The bar graphs on the left indicate densitometry measurement of the Western blots. Protein expression analysis of the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions is shown in ( C ). The bar graphs below on the right indicate densitometric measurement of cytoplasmic and nuclear class III β-tubulin or EP4 proteins normalized to GAPDH. Both class III β-tubulin and EP4 proteins in the cytoplasmic fractions of SK-UT-1 and SK-UT-1B had significantly more expression compared to PHM1-41. Only class III β-tubulin in the nuclear fraction of SK-UT-1 had significantly increased expression compared to PHM1-41. The following antibodies were used as loading controls: GAPDH (total protein), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) (nuclear loading control), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (cytoplasmic loading control). * p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemistry staining was performed after antigen-retrieval using either rabbit anti-PTGER4/EP4 (LS-A3898, LifeSpan BioSciences, Seattle, WA, USA) or Class III β-tubulin (TUJ1, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Histone Deacetylase Assay

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: EP4 and Class III β-Tubulin Expression in Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors: Implications for Prognosis and Treatment

doi: 10.3390/cancers11101590

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of EP4 antagonists AH23848 and RQ15986 on SK-UT-1 and SK-UT-1B migration. ( A , B ) Addition of EP4 antagonists AH23848 and RQ15986 lead to a decrease in migration in SK-UT-1 and SK-UT-1B. Data are normalized to the FBS control (100%) and presented in percent migration. AH: AH23848. RQ: RQ15986. Statistics: two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test. * p < 0.01, ** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemistry staining was performed after antigen-retrieval using either rabbit anti-PTGER4/EP4 (LS-A3898, LifeSpan BioSciences, Seattle, WA, USA) or Class III β-tubulin (TUJ1, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA).

Techniques: Migration

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: EP4 and Class III β-Tubulin Expression in Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors: Implications for Prognosis and Treatment

doi: 10.3390/cancers11101590

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of EP4 antagonists AH23848 and RQ15986 on SK-UT-1 and SK-UT-1B on proliferation and response to docetaxel ( A , B ) There was a modest effect on cell proliferation on SK-UT-1 (7% decrease, n.s.) and SK-UT-1B (20% decrease, n.s.). Data are normalized to the vehicle control. Error bars represent experiments performed in triplicate. ( C ) Sarcoma cell line SK-UT-1 (IC 50 1.5 nM) was more chemoresistant to docetaxel than carcinoma cell line SK-UT-1B (IC 50 0.5 nM). ( D , E ) Pre-treatment with EP4 antagonist (either AH23848 or RQ15986) increased chemosensitivity to docetaxel in both cell lines by approximately 2-fold. Statistics: one-way ANOVA with post hoc analysis. Combination drug treatment compared to docetaxel. AH: AH23848. RQ: RQ15986. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemistry staining was performed after antigen-retrieval using either rabbit anti-PTGER4/EP4 (LS-A3898, LifeSpan BioSciences, Seattle, WA, USA) or Class III β-tubulin (TUJ1, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA).

Techniques: